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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing?
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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing (1998)(Marshall Media)[Mac-PC].iso
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00165_Text_res13t.txt
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1997-02-04
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Should we assume that a
texture gradient, such as
uniform ground, leads directly
to the perception of a receding
plane? There is reason to
question such an assumption.
Recognition of what we are
looking at is often important in
perception of a receding plane.
For example, a photograph of a
grassy field tilted 90 degrees
may look to many viewers like a
two-dimensional abstraction.
Using such a photograph, my
associates and I have shown
that ignorance of the fact that
the picture is disoriented seems
to prevent recognition, which,
in turn, seems to prevent the
appropriate depth perception.
Yet, if a gradient of texture
density is a direct cue to depth,
why should recognition matter?
Nor does the absence of a
texture gradient eliminate the
perception of receding planes.
No texture or size gradient is
present in some scenes we
encounter, such as a field
covered with snow or ice and,
possibly, a desert vista in
which the texture is too fine to
be detected and where few
objects are on the ground. We
nonetheless perceive the
ground plane correctly in these
instances. We have tested this
experimentally by presenting
subjects with a plane without
texture. This was achieved by a
display in which the only
depth information available
consisted of a few cubes of
equal visual angle and the
shadows they cast on a surface
plus the presence of a horizon
line. This stimulus display
sufficed to create the
impression of a receding table-
top surface and, as a result, to
yield an impression that the
most distant cube was larger
than the nearest one.
Similarly, texture may be
present, but even if it is
uniformΓÇöΓÇôin other words, a zero
gradientΓÇöΓÇôit is still compatible
with an impression of a
receding plane.
All of these facts suggest that
perceived depth, including that
of plane surfaces, is not so
much the direct result of
certain specifiable stimulus
cues as it is a mental
construction. Cast shadows or
objects such as trees and roads
suggest to the mind a plane on
which objects are resting. The
plane is thus constructed to
encompass these objects. Cues
such as size and linear
perspective enhance the
construction or make it more
vivid.